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Биография Карла Маркса на английском языке

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Karl Marx (05.05.1818 - 14.03.1883) - German philosopher

Karl Marx was a prominent German economist, philosopher, politician and a public figure. He was a founder of the theory of scientific socialism and the basics of Marxism. He was born in Prussia on May the 5th, 1818. His ancestors were of Jewish decent. Particularly, one of his grandfathers was a Dutch rabbi. His father was a relatively wealthy lawyer, who converted from Judaism to Protestant Christian prior to anti-Semitic craze. Little is known about the future philosopher’s childhood. When he was 17, he entered the University of Bonn. Later on, he transferred to the University of Berlin to study law. Starting from 1837, he was a devoted follower of Hegel’s philosophy. In 1841, he received a degree and became a Doctor of Philosophy. A year later his works appeared in “Rhineland News”. In October of 1842 he became the editor of this newspaper.

However, a year later the newspaper was banned as it supported the opposition of Prussian bourgeoisie. In June of 1843 he married the daughter of his father’s friend, who was an advisor. In autumn of the same year Marx moved to Paris, where he planned to lead a political journal. The only issue of his “German-French Annals” was released in February of 1844. It marked the final transition of the philosopher from idealism to materialism and from revolutionary democracy to communism. Residing in Paris, Marx took up the studies of political economy and French revolution. In 1844 he met Engels, who became his lifelong friend. Together they published “The Holy Family” - a criticizing book on Young Hegelians. In 1845, the Prussian authorities insisted that the newspaper where they worked in France be closed. After that, Karl had to move to Brussels. Engels joined him there a little later.

In 1849, Marx moved to London, where he stayed till the end of his life. There, he began the reorganization of Communist League and the re-establishment of the Central Committee. In 1850, Marx and Engels started publishing the political-economical revue. In September of 1864 he became a member of the International Workingmen’s Association. At the same time, he was the unofficial head of the governing body. During his life in London he collaborated with a number of proletarian and bourgeois newspapers, including the “New York Daily Tribune”. Apart from that he was working on the 2nd and 3rd volumes of the “Capital” and the translation of the 1st one. He helped to prepare the Russian edition of the book, which was published in 1872.

In the 1980s, his health became to deteriorate. He lost his wife in 1881 and his eldest daughter in 1883. The politician died on March 14th, 1883 and was buried in London. During his life he had seven children, but only three daughters survived. The youngest daughter, Eleanor, continued her father’s work and lead the British and international labor movement.